For example, include simply the first author's last name, followed by "et al.", a comma, and the year of publication (Taylor et al., 2018)....
In every reference, including the first, use simply the first author's name followed by "et al." unless doing so would cause uncertainty between various sources. Et should not be followed by a period in et al. Only the word "al" should be separated by a period. Authors' last names should not be included in citations.
A work written by three or more authors In every reference, including the first, use simply the first author's name followed by "et al." unless doing so would cause uncertainty between various sources. Authors' names are usually printed in alphabetical order, so this will make it easier to locate any particular author.
In most cases, et al. is used when there are two or more authors with the same contribution to the work. For example, if John Doe and Jane Doe each wrote an article for a journal that was published simultaneously, they would be listed as authors on the articles together with a note saying that they contributed to the work et al. Because these are simultaneous contributors, there is no need for their names to appear in chronological order.
If the work was written by someone other than a pair or group of authors, such as a committee or panel, then the word "et" must be inserted before the person's name. For example, if a book about the Beatles was reviewed by several experts and they are mentioned individually along with their opinions of the book, they would be listed as authors of the review with the word "et" before each name. The book could also have had many contributors who did not write specifically about the Beatles; in this case, they would still be listed as authors because their contributions were significant enough to require recognition.
If there are three or more writers, list just the first, followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for "and others") in lieu of the names of the succeeding authors.
Simply compose the phrase as you would ordinarily. Apart from the period, et al. does not require any further punctuation. In the initial citation of a book having three to five authors, include all of the authors, but shorten using the first author's name and et al..
For example: Jones, D. E., Et Al. (2003). This is an edited volume published by Wiley-Interscience
Or: Jones, D. E., et al. (2003).
If there are more than five authors, list them alphabetically after the first word changes to et al.: Bloggs, W. G., et al. (2008).
When mentioning a work with three, four, or five authors, writers will occasionally use the surname of the first author followed by et al. Only when there are six or more authors in a book should the initial in-text citation include the first author followed by et al. (Note that editors who have multiple roles within a publication can be listed under different titles).
For example, if the first name of the third author is Fred and the last name of the fifth author is Jones, then "Fred Jones" would need to be entered into the Reference section of your paper as shown below.
Jones, F. J., Chen, W. -L. , & Yu, C. -H. (2017). A new approach for feature selection in machine learning systems using entropy measures. Information Sciences, 411-414.
If only the first name of the third author is known, it would not be appropriate to list him/her as "Fred Jones." Instead, an entry such as "Jones, F. (2017)." would need to be made into the Reference section of your paper.
The et al. abbreviation can be used instead of the full names of unknown authors.
Because et al. is plural, it should always be used to replace more than one name. If et al. is standing in for only one author, write the author's name instead. Et al. is also used as an abbreviation for et alii, or etc., which means and other people.
"Et al." is a Latin phrase that meaning "and others," and it is used in-text citations to works by numerous authors. You may use "et al." from the first mention if there are at least six writers. In all circumstances, use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in your in-text citation. For example, if the first article on which you rely for support uses "et al" once, then cite the work as follows: "Blumberg et al. (1999)." If the same study uses "et al." more than once, then provide multiple citations using different forms of the work and its authors' names. For example, "Blumberg et al. (1999)"; "Blumberg et al. (2000);" and "Blumberg et al. (2001)."
If there are only five authors, then use "and others" instead of "et al." Here too, provide multiple citations of the work with different forms of the first author's last name. For example, "Blumberg (1999)"; "Blumberg (2000);" and "Blumberg (2001).
At most, use "and others" once in your in-text citation.
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