The APA in-text citation style, for example, employs the author's last name and the year of publication, as in: (Field, 2005). Include the page number for direct quotations, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). In general, use only one form of citation. If you are using a publisher-provided list of references, follow their instructions about how to format them. Otherwise, provide your own bibliography or reference list.
When citing in-text in APA style, use the author-date method. Jones (1998), for example, and a complete citation should be supplied in the paper's reference list.
When you allude to, summarize, paraphrase, or reference another source, include an in-text citation. Every in-text citation in your article must be accompanied by a comparable item in your reference list. The APA in-text citation style, for example, employs the author's last name and the year of publication, as in: (Field, 2005)...
Citing a paraphrase or summary is similar to citing another form of quotation. In both cases, include the source title and the first line of text from the source. Then follow standard APA format by including page numbers for additional sources.
An in-text citation may refer not only to other articles but also to books, brochures, web sites, and even interviews. In general, avoid referring to things that cannot be cited, such as people's opinions or feelings. If you are unable to find equivalent information in another source, consider discussing this issue with your instructor.
No. 9-806-105 in HBS. Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA In-text citations in APA format include the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number (for quotations), either in the text or in parentheses. For example, "O'Connor (1999) argues that..." You should also include the title of the article if it is available. So, "O'Connor claims that marketing is a social process" would look like this: O'Connor 1999, pp. 105-106.
If you are citing multiple articles by the same author, you can list them individually or with a period between each citation. For example, "O'Connor (1999) claims that marketing is a social process; Jones (2000) asserts that companies must adapt to survive." If there is no title available for the article, such as for an op-ed, you can use the first word of the abstract instead. So, "O'Connor argues that marketing is a social process"; "Jones says that companies need to adapt to stay competitive."
It is important to note that not all journals use APA style guidelines. If yours does not, then you will need to follow different instructions. However, most academic journals allow authors to write their own in-text citations, so knowing how to properly cite HBR articles will help you avoid confusion when submitting your work.
For sources that do not contain page numbers, such as websites and e-books, use a paragraph number, such as: (Field, 2005, para. 1). The APA Style and Grammar Guidelines web page has more information about direct citation of sources without pagination.
Body of APA Citation Style Standards (Year). The title (standard number). Obtained from the URL listed under NOS or from within the APA website. Complete publication information should be included on the abstract page.
The author, the publication date, the title of the page or article, the website name, and the URL are often included in APA website citations... Websites that don't have a date.
| Format | Last name, Initials. (n.d.). Page title. Site Name. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL |
|---|---|
| In-text citation | (University of Amsterdam, n.d.) |
The author-date citation format is used in APA references Rd step:
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