APA In-Text Citation: The author's last name and the year of publication are used in the APA in-text citation style, for example: (Field, 2005). Include the page number for direct quotations, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). For sources that do not contain page numbers, such as websites and e-books, use a paragraph number. Also, avoid using quotation marks when in-text citing an article.
When you allude to, summarize, paraphrase, or reference another source, include an in-text citation. Every in-text citation in your article must be accompanied by a comparable item in your reference list. The APA in-text citation style, for example, employs the author's last name and the year of publication, as in: (Field, 2005)...
Citing a paraphrase or summary is similar to citing another form of quotation. In both cases, include the source title and the first line of text from the source. Then provide your own analysis or interpretation of the material. For example: (Lemire, 2005, p. 3) notes that John Doe likes bananas and chocolate bars.
In addition to providing readers with information about the source of quoted material, in-text citations help researchers distinguish evidence that supports or contradicts their ideas. If you are writing a paper that explores how technology has affected society over time, for example, you would not want to omit important sources. However, because this topic has been written about extensively in other papers, you would need to explain why you are including these sources even though they have already been cited.
In conclusion, when paraphrasing or summarizing other people's work, it is important to give credit to the source. In-text citations are one way to do this while still keeping your articles readable and interesting to readers.
For sources that do not contain page numbers, such as websites and e-books, use a paragraph number, such as: (Field, 2005, para. 1). The APA Style and Grammar Guidelines web page has more information about direct citation of sources without pagination.
The in-text citation for a web page or online article in APA Style consists of the author's last name and the year of publication. See, for example, Worland and Williams (2015). It should be noted that the author might also be an organization. See, for example (American Psychological Association, 2019).
In general, follow these steps to create in-text citations for websites:
1. Find out who the author is. You can find this information in multiple places on the website. Usually, it is one of three things: in the bio section, under the article title, or in the footer.
2. Check whether the website is free. If so, there is no need to include any payment information. Otherwise, you should include the author's name and the date the site was published.
3. Include the URL of the website in your reference list. Note that if the website has more than one article, only the first one is needed for the reference list.
4. Format the author's name using standard academic formatting rules. For example, for a name that contains initial letters, put each part of the name in separate lines. Also, don't use periods at the end of some names; instead, make sure there is a space before them.
5. Put the date in sentence case with a month/day/year order.
When citing in-text in APA style, use the author-date method. Jones (1998), for example, and a complete citation should be included in the reference list at the conclusion of the work. Citing within the text is acceptable but varies significantly from journal to journal. In general, if there is room within the text, include it alongside the relevant section or paragraph. If there isn't room, insert it at the end of the document with other references.
In addition to the author-date method, another common method is the year-month-day method. This method is used when citing multiple articles by the same author in the same year. The year-month-day method includes the date on which the article was published along with the actual article. For example, Brown et al. (2003) would be cited as Brown et al. (2003a). There are many other methods available for in-text citations but these two are the most common.
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