Citations for paraphrases usually include both the author's name and the year in parentheses at the end of the sentence, or the year in parentheses directly after the author's name within the sentence if the author's name is part of the sentence text (APA, 2020, p. 263).
You use your own words when you paraphrase. When paraphrasing, you must still include a parenthetical citation to show where you received the concept. The author and date must be included when attributing paraphrased content, according to APA. It's also a good idea (but not essential) to provide the page number.
Paraphrasing is using someone else's ideas or expressions in your own writing. While doing research for your paper, you may find information or concepts that you want to incorporate into your own work. In this case, you should paraphrase what you have found. Paraphrasing shows that you were able to understand the source material and apply it to your own project. This is an important skill for any writer to possess.
As with any other aspect of academic writing, there are different styles of paraphrasing. There are two main types of paraphrasing: explicit and implicit. An example of explicit paraphrasing would be "In this passage from his book, John Doe describes how George Bush opened up foreign markets to American products." An example of implicit paraphrasing would be "George Bush described how President Bush opened up foreign markets to American products in this passage from his book." Both examples contain all the elements of a proper parenthetical citation, but they do so without being directly cited.
Implicitly paraphrased material is more difficult to identify than explicitly paraphrased material because the reader cannot see the direct reference.
The APA Style Standards urge authors to provide a citation after each instance of paraphrased or quoted content, rather than at the conclusion of each sentence. If the quotation comes in the middle of a phrase, conclude the sentence with quotation marks and mention the source in parenthesis right after the...
Although it is not required to repeat the complete in-text citation for the paraphrase in each sentence, it is important to start following paragraphs with a full in-text citation (APA, 2020, p. 270). This will help readers locate the source more easily and give them context about what was said before and after the quote.
When you quote or paraphrase from a source (book, article, or website), you must provide a parenthetical citation. The author's name, year of publication, and page number are often included in parentheses at the conclusion of the phrase. "This is a direct quote" (Chapman, 2019, p. 126).
Additionally, it is important to note that some sources require more than just a URL. For example, an image may be linked to a source document, requiring a corresponding reference. In this case, the proper citation for the image would be: "An image linking to Chapmann, 2019 could appear here."
Lastly, certain websites contain references themselves - such as Wikipedia - so they too need to be cited properly. See our how to cite and reference works course for more information.
When you allude to, summarize, paraphrase, or reference another source, include an in-text citation. Every in-text citation in your article must be accompanied by a comparable item in your reference list. The APA in-text citation style, for example, employs the author's last name and the year of publication, as in: (Field, 2005). For more information on how to properly cite sources, see our wiki page here: http://www.english.ucsb.edu/tutorials/citing.html.
In addition to the author and date, an in-text citation also includes the title of the cited work, an identification number within the work (for example, section numbers), and any other pertinent details about the source.
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