Wood type is measured by 'line,' or pica, and is available in a wide range of sizes. Some letters are charmingly ungainly in a way that computer type is not, and many wood letters have amazing texture. For best results, choose your letterforms according to their appearance in the material you will be printing on.
The most common types of wood used for printing type are American white oak (WA), which is easy to work with and produces an attractive finish; cherry (CH) which has a warm, reddish color and tends to have more detail than WA; and red maple (RM), which has a distinctive grain and a bright, clear color. Each type of wood has advantages and disadvantages for different styles of printing. For example, RM is great for bulk items like labels because it has a strong, thick grain that holds up well under pressure. CH is nice for detailed work like addresses because its fine lines look good when cast in plastic or aluminum.
Typeface design varies depending on how it is to be used. There are three main categories: text faces, display faces and logo faces. Text faces are ideal for short phrases or names because they look good set completely apart from one another. Display faces include all those lovely rounded corners and details that make wood type so appealing. Logo faces are intended to look good in large quantities on products or services of only one company.
The wood texture, color, and appearance of growth rings may typically distinguish different species of wood. On begin, be sure you're looking at a complete piece of wood rather than a veneer added to plywood or MDF, or even a stamped piece of fiberboard—this is critical for wood identification! ... Wood is any plant that produces timber useful for fuel, furniture, or other products. The term "wood" also includes bamboo, which is a grass. Most plants that are used for food, shelter, or medicine also produce such products. However some plants that we use for these purposes do not produce useful quantities of timber, such as papyrus, cottonwood, and eucalyptus.
Wood is divided up into several general categories based on how it is processed after growth has stopped coming from the tree. Green wood is still growing when cut down from the tree; red wood is no longer growing. White wood is completely dry; black wood is very dry. Softwood is generally more flexible than hardwood; hardwoods are heavier and usually stronger. All woods absorb moisture when immersed in water, but the rate at which they do so depends on their type. Hardwoods tend to absorb more water than softwoods. New growth on trees is called sapling or seedling. Old growth forest contains large trees with clear-cut marks where they were once cut down and burned; these trees are known as firestots. Fallen trees provide habitat for new trees to grow from their roots or sprouts.
During each woodworking job, you can choose from four different types of wood.
The Best Woods for a Woodworking Project
Yet there is another meaning of the word wood that brings it closer to lumber than ever before: characterizing timber by its dimensional properties. One such definition considers timbers to be no smaller than 5 inches in size, as opposed to the lesser sizes of sawn wood. Lumber is thicker stock that has been planed down to a more uniform thickness.
Characteristic dimensions for common woods used in construction include 1-inch-diameter boards are called spruce; 2-inch-diameter boards are called fir; and 4-inch-diameter boards are called pine. Larger sizes of these species can also be used as lumber. For example, 6-inch-diameter boards are called maple and 8-inch-diameter boards are called oak.
Other hardwoods that can be used as lumber include ebony, holly, locust, sycamore, and walnut. The term "wood" alone without any further qualification means any plant material that is suitable for use as fuel. Thus, softwoods such as pine and cedar as well as hardwoods such as mahogany and teak can be used as fuel.
The type of saw used to cut lumber affects how it will stack and store.
Redwood, Douglas fir, and Western Red Cedar are popular softwood timber kinds. Hardwood is frequently used for flooring, furniture, decking, and trim. Although redwood is usually listed as a softwood, it is actually a conifer that grows in central California. It is more resistant to insects and diseases than most other woods because it produces thick layers of tough resin called phloem which acts like a natural pesticide.
Redwood is often described as the king of all wood products because of its large size, high resistance to insects and fungi, and beautiful color. There are three types of wood found in redwoods: heartwood, sapwood, and bark. Heartwood is the inner part of the tree where the nutrients are stored and blood vessels spread throughout the trunk and larger branches. Sapwood is the growing portion of the tree just beneath the surface of the bark where new growth takes place during springtime. It tends to be thinner and less strong than heartwood. Bark consists of thin layers of cellulose and lignin that protect the tree's inner parts. It is typically about 1/8 inch (3 mm) thick.
The word "red" in redwood comes from the color of the wood caused by the presence of hemoglobin within the cells.
Color, lustre, odor, taste, texture, grain, figure, weight, and hardness of wood are all sensory properties. These additional macroscopic properties might be used to describe a piece of wood for identification or other purposes. Microscopically, wood is made up of parallel, elongated fibers called tracheids that contain large amounts of lignin and few other organic compounds. Wood is an important material for humans because of its use for building materials and fuel. In addition, it has many other applications including as an industrial material, in agriculture as a soil amendment, and as a bioresource.
Wood is produced by secondary growth from the trunk of a tree or shrub. It consists primarily of polysaccharides (carbohydrates) that are converted into cellulose through a series of reactions with water and oxygen present in the atmosphere. The transformation starts with the formation of coniferous trees which produce new shoots that grow out horizontally from the trunk. New leaves develop at the tip of each shoot. As the branches spread out, they form roots which eventually reach down into moist soil where they can find moisture and nutrients needed for healthy growth. All green plants require light energy from the sun to function properly. However, not all plants have chlorophyll, the chemical that allows them to capture sunlight and use it for their own needs. Without this ability, they could not make food nor create oxygen.
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