A Work by Three to Five Authors: The first time you reference the source, include all of the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses. Within the text, use the word "and" between the writers' names, and use the ampersand in parentheses. For example, if the source was written by Smith, J. B., Jones, T. Z., and Brown, L. W., then you would write "Smith et al." or "Smith, J. B., Jones, T. Z., and Brown, L. W." If there are five authors, list them all within the parenthetical portion of the citation. For example, if the source was written by Smith, J. B., Jones, T. Z., Brown, L. W., Stacey, G. F., and Andrews, C. R., then you would write "Smith et al. (1998)" or "Smith, J. B., Jones, T. Z., Brown, L. W., Stacey, G. F., and Andrews, C. R."
If your source has multiple authors, follow the same procedure as above. List each author separately with a space between names and an ampersand in parentheses.
Two Authors' Work: Each time you mention a work, provide the names of both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses. For example: Smith, Jane & Jack. They wrote several books on the topic.
Three or More Authors: You can list the authors in order of importance. Use the words "et al." to indicate that those are the only names included in the reference. For example: Jones, Andrew, Peter and John. They all worked together on the project.
Four or More Authors: List the authors alphabetically. Use the word "et al." to indicate that those are the only names included in the reference. For example: Adams, Audrey, Bob and Bill.
Two Authors' Work Each time you mention a work, provide the names of both authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses. For example: Smith, Jane & Jack (or Smith & Jones).
If one author is very important to you or your project, you can include their name in the signal phrase or within the text itself. Remember to use the word "and" and the ampersand in parentheses.
Here are some examples using the signal phrase: John Smith's Book; The John Smith Book; A Book by John Smith and Jane Doe. Here are some examples using the word "and": and John Smith wrote...; and John Smith and Jane Doe decided not to join the club....
Give the initial author's name followed by et al. for the parenthetical citation and works referenced citation.
Only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses in subsequent citations. Et should not be followed by a period in et al. references.
Author Unknown If the work does not have an author, reference it in the signal phrase by its title or use the first word or two in the parenthesis. The titles of books and reports are italicized, while the titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are surrounded by quotation marks. Author Unkown.
If you know the book has no author but needs to refer to it by name, reference it with either its title or first few words. Titles of books, magazines, journals, and newspapers are placed in italics, whereas the titles of films, television programs, and albums are not italicized. The first word or two of a newspaper article is also referred to as the byline. The writer's name should then be given after the date on which the piece was published. Newspaper articles are usually between six and eight paragraphs long. Longer articles may be divided into several pieces, known as strips.
Books and articles without authors can be difficult to cite because there is no one person to blame if readers cannot find the work. Therefore, they tend to be cited only very briefly or not at all. You should therefore make sure that your book reviews contain enough information for others to locate the works you have reviewed. If you cannot think of anything useful to say about a book, don't waste time citing it.
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