Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism are the four major literary trends relevant to the study of modern short fiction. Each of these movements can be traced through its most influential works.
Romanticism was a reaction against the formality and strictures of Classical Literature. It is reflected in the work of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. Romantic poets such as Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, and George Gordon Byron sought to break away from the strict rules of Classical poetics and write more emotionally charged works.
Realism describes the contemporary novel that uses actual events as its basis rather than fantasy or mythology. The term was first used by French critics in 1857 to describe the work of Balzac and Dickens. These authors used detailed research to create realistic portraits of 19th-century France and England respectively.
Naturalism is another term used to describe contemporary novels that focus on ordinary people doing normal things while trying to solve their problems. The term was first used to describe the work of Émile Zola. Like realists, Naturalists use detailed research to present a true picture of society at any given time.
Poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and theater are the four major literary genres, with each differing in style, structure, subject matter, and usage of figurative language.... Fiction is a genre of writing that tells a story with characters who interact with one another as they experience events or think about them.
Nonfiction uses real people, events, and practices as sources of information about the world. Nonfiction can be divided into three broad categories: history, biographies/autobiographies, and magazines/journals.... History is the narrative account of past events as remembered by historians. Biography is a genre of writing about someone famous or not-so-famous who has lived or does live today. The author's purpose is to explain how and why this person achieved success or notoriety.
Theater is a genre of art that uses dramatic action and dialogue to tell a story. The term "theatrical" comes from the Greek word for play, which these works once were. Today, many forms of theater exist, but some types are still called "plays." A theatrical production is called a "playwright" when the work is written by someone other than an actor or director....
Poetry is a genre of literature that uses poetry as its main form of expression.
Poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and theater are the four major literary genres, with each differing in style, structure, subject matter, and usage of figurative language. Poetry is the art of elegantly expressing thoughts through rhythm, rhyme, imagery, and metaphor. It can be done in a variety of styles, such as balladry, sonneting, and villanelles. Fiction consists of stories that describe events that actually took place. Nonfiction includes written accounts of true events or experiences that are not fictional. Biography, history, journalism, and autobiography are examples of nonfictional writing.
Theater involves the use of performance to communicate ideas and feelings to an audience. Like poetry and fiction, it can be presented in different forms such as plays, musicals, and operas. What distinguishes theater from other arts is its use of action to tell a story instead of just describing it. For example, characters in theater talk and act rather than just speaking or writing words on a page. This form of communication is not possible without acting because without actors reading their lines they would have no connection with the audience.
Literature is everything written since ancient times that isn't technically classified as music or art. In other words, literature is all of the texts we read today including books, magazines, newspapers, and even email.
Fantasy, historical fiction, contemporary fiction, mystery, and science fiction are the five subgenres of this genre. There are, however, more than five forms of fiction, ranging from romance to graphic novels. However, because these categories are generally used by publishers to describe the type of book they want to see published, it is useful to know the most common types of literature for guidance.
Fiction is written for entertainment purposes and uses real people as characters. The author creates these characters by using details from the person she or he is writing about. In order to do this successfully, the author needs to understand some basic things about people: their strengths and weaknesses, how they act under certain circumstances, and so on. The writer then writes about these people in a story that others can enjoy.
Non-fiction works contain facts rather than opinions or judgments about those facts. This means that non-fiction works cannot contain any statements that one person makes about another person.
This literary period encompasses a wide range of writing types, in addition to novels and poetry. This genre includes flash fiction, short tales, slam poetry, dramas, memoirs, and autobiographies. The term "contemporary literature" is often used interchangeably with "new literature," although some scholars divide modern literature into early and late periods based on publication dates.
Modern literature can be divided into two main periods: the modern period and the post-modern period. The modern period began around 1665 with Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan; it ended in 1815 with Walter Scott's Waverley Novels. The post-modern period began in 1815 with Walter Scott's Waverley Novels and will end in 2065 with Michael Pollan's Third Book.
Other important writers from this time frame include Samuel Johnson, Charles Dickens, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, T. S. Eliot, D. H. Lawrence, and Franz Kafka.
In addition to these six authors, many more have been identified as being included in the modern period, including John Locke, William Shakespeare, Michel de Montaigne, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Isaac Newton, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Abraham Lincoln.
During the modern period women were excluded from most professions other than teaching.
4. The Primary Characteristics of Contemporary Literature Individualism, Experimentation, Symbolism, Absurdity, and Formalism are the qualities of Modern Literature. Individual writers express themselves through their works, creating a unique style that is often recognized by others who have read them before. Authors often experiment with different techniques and subjects to see what works best with their own voices.
Modern literature is known for its use of symbolism and irony. Writers tend to interpret reality in a subjective way, which allows them to comment on various issues such as history, society, politics, and science. This type of writing is called "modern" because it uses concepts and ideas from modern culture and philosophy. Ancient cultures were focused on community rather than individuality, so many aspects of modern literature (such as using formal language) would have been considered uncouth then.
The term "contemporary literature" is used to describe writings that were published during a particular time period.
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