Consider your summary to be the lead paragraph of a newspaper story in order to discover the major points: It should provide a basic answer to the questions "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how": who authored the article; what the article is about; where and when it happens; why the author wrote about it; and how...
Without a clear idea of what matters most, it can be difficult to choose among an array of topics or to know how much time to give each one. That's why it helps to ask yourself these five questions before writing any summary paragraphs: Who needs to read this? What does this information mean to them? Where will they look for more details? When should I publish it? Why should they care about what I have to say?
To answer these questions, think about the audience first. Are they experts on the topic? If so, who are they? What would they like to learn more about? What issues might they have about this subject? Only by considering these questions can you identify the need for this information and the best way to communicate it.
Now, consider the main points of the article. What does it tell us about the person who wrote it? About their life? Society? Can you summarize it in just a few sentences? Don't worry about being detailed or specific - the reader will find other sources for that information.
A excellent summary should provide a clear overview of the entire piece of writing. It should include fundamental answers to queries concerning the original text, such as "Who did what, where, and when?" or "What is the core theme of the text?"; "What are the key supporting points?"; and "What are the significant pieces of evidence?" A strong summary also includes more subjective elements, like "How does the author weasel out of doing this?" or "Why should I listen to this writer instead of others like them?".
To create an effective summary, first understand what type of summary it is: analytical or reflective. An analytical summary focuses on explaining the main ideas in the text by using specific words and phrases. This type of summary is most useful if you want to explain the main concepts or topics covered in the text. A reflective summary reflects on how the text affects the reader personally by exploring their own views and feelings about the material. This type of summary is helpful for engaging readers who want to know how the writer feels about the topic or issues discussed in the text.
Analytical summaries are usually shorter than reflective ones because there's not much room for interpretation here. The goal is simply to describe what happens in the text so that readers will be able to comprehend its main ideas. For example, an analytical summary of a novel might state that the main characters develop through the story while the secondary characters are mentioned only briefly.
Summarization Techniques
Here are the stages to creating an excellent summary:
Writing Format Summary A summary is written entirely in your words. A summary simply covers the main points of the original text. In a summary, do not include any of your own thoughts, interpretations, deductions, or remarks. Identify, in sequence, the major sub-claims that the author makes to argue the primary thesis. Then describe their relationship to each other and to the main claim. Use specific language and avoid generalizations when summarizing letters.
Examples Of Good Letters/e-mails/messages/etc...
A good summary should be no longer than one paragraph without repeating information given in the body of the letter. It should be accurate and concise; neither overemphasizes nor underemphasizes the main ideas of the body of the letter.
A bad summary would be one that repeats information found in the body of the letter but uses different words to express the same idea. For example, "In conclusion, I want to state that ordering food at the restaurant during dinner hours will make you hungry later." The summary correctly identifies the main idea but uses too many words to do so. A better summary might be, "In conclusion, if you are hungry after dining at the restaurant, you should eat before going home because you won't be able to eat there." Both summaries tell the reader the same thing in different ways so they can decide for themselves which version they find more helpful.