Meter, rhyme, shape, tone, and rhythm are all components of poetry (timing). These components are used by poets in a variety of ways. Some poets employ no rhyme at all. Some poets utilize couplets, while others may rhyme only the second and fourth lines of a stanza.
The term "poetic license" is used to describe the freedom afforded to poets to use language not exactly as it is found in dictionaries. For example, a poet may choose to intensify some words or shorten others to create a more vivid picture in his/her reader's mind. A good poet is also free to use allusion, metaphor, and simile to enhance the reading experience. Metaphor is when one thing is compared to another thing which is known and understood by both the speaker and listener. For example, a poet might say that a bear is like a lion because they both have claws, teeth, and fur. Metaphors can be explicit (as in this case) or implicit. When an author uses an idea rather than its exact counterpart, he/she is employing an implicit metaphor.
The speaker, subject, theme, shape and form, mood or tone, imagery, diction, figurative language, and sound-effect devices are the core elements of poetry. These elements combine to create a poem's "voice." The voice of a poet can be described as its overall style; for example, Emily Dickinson's poetic voice was dark and sad, while John Milton's was bright and optimistic.
Other elements include metaphor, allusion, and irony. Metaphor is when one thing is used to describe another thing that is not related by space or time. For example, a mountain could be used to describe an important person, and an ocean could be used to describe a large group of people. Allusion is when someone mentions something from history or literature by name. This shows that the speaker has read or heard about the topic before. Irony is when what you think will happen does not, for example, saying yes when you mean no. It can also be seen when what you say is true but others do not believe you.
Poetry has many forms, including sonnet, sestet, quatrain, limerick, villanelle, ode, pantoum, and fugue. Each of these forms has different requirements for what should be included.
PATTERNS OF SOUND The rhyme scheme, meter (i.e., regular rhythm), and word sounds are three other aspects of poetry (like alliteration). Rhyme is a formal or poetic use of repetition of words or groups of words to create a pattern that sounds right to us. There are two types of rhyme schemes: abab and aaba. The first type has two lines that rhyme with each other and the second type has four lines that do not repeat any word from one line to the next.
Rhyme is useful in helping readers remember poems. If you read a poem where every other line rhymes, it is easier to remember because it creates a pattern that can be recognized when reading the poem. This pattern helps us group ideas within the poem as well as give it coherence as a whole.
Meter is the rhythmic pattern used in measuring units of time. It is the pattern of long and short syllables that goes along with each beat of a poem. For example, if someone were to say "one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four," we would understand that they were counting off by fours because those numbers have four pulses or beats per line.
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